International Political and Legal Environment Civil

Question: Discuss about the International Political and Legal Environmentfor Civil. Answer: Introduction Legal Environment The business organization must be aware of the legal systems that entail the rules to comply with. There are different major bases regarding the jurisdiction including Islamic law, commercial legal systems, civil or code laws, and common laws. These developments indicate the categories of laws many countries practice and how these laws work. Without an absolute international law to handle international legal disputes, the businesses have to determine the law governing the market or jurisdiction. This justifies that they can resolve legal issues based on contract provisions and authority (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2007). A business can also survive in the international market by respecting the laws and government policies such as intellectual property laws, cyber laws, antitrust laws, and environment and commercial laws. Political Environment The political atmosphere entails political risks and government stability as some of the factors that influence the business operations. In most cases, the global firms prefer a stable and friendly political environment. According to Cateora, Gilly, and Graham (2009), the government policies could define the potential of an organization to make profits. The five political factors cause instability in any international markets. These causes include trade disputes, extreme nationalism, unstable forms of government, and changes in the ruling states. The most important risks include cyber terrorism and cybercrime, violence, war, and terrorism, and political sanctions. Other political risks that businesses must understand include domestication, expropriation, and confiscation, social and political activist (Cateora et al., 2009). The economic risks are also important in understanding the vulnerability of a company politically. Although businesses must analyse the political environment impacts before it ventures into such markets, the global community has not adopted universal guidelines to define their operations. The investors have to understand how the political environment affects business by identifying threats and risks. Sometimes marketers respond to the forecasted risks by forming joint ventures, lobbying, political bargaining, and expand their investment base. Political Economy of International Trade Australia has used various structural reforms in the past two decades to transform the countrys economic performance. The country has applied conventional prescriptions by eliminating policy-related impediments and distortions to improve its growth. These efforts have made Australia a well-functioning market economy. However, the country needs further reform requirements because of the continued entrenched political obstacles. The Australian authority can introduce investment and trade barriers that would restrict export and import. Importantly, the country can enter the route of imposing tariff as an incremental approach to influence its economic growth. Australian authority remains committed to the provisions of the World Trade Organization regarding tariff quotas and tariffs and export subsidies. The authority has always established classification for the imported goods (Disclaimer, n.d). The importer is allowed to conduct self-assessment through declaration procedures. The Austra lian Customs and Border Protection Service makes the declaration to allow it enforce import restrictions. Australia also embraces Free Trade Agreements are part of the international treaties (AG, n.d). This agreements have seen Australia reduce import costs thus improve competitive position. References Australian Government (AG). (n.d). Free Trade Agreement. Retrieved from https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/Pages/trade-agreements.aspx Cateora, P. R., Gilly, M. C., Graham, J. L. (2009). International Marketing, (14th Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Print. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2007). International Marketing. United States: Thompson. Disclaimer. (n.d). Austrlian Export and Import Laws. Retrieved from https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Guide-to-investing/Running-a-business/Understanding-Australian-business-regulation/Australian-export-and-import-laws

Social Work Child Protection

Questions: Describe the following points.. Task 1: Recommendation and important features of the reports of Lord Laming and Professor Munro Task 2: Use of Lord Laming and Professor Munro reports on the social work practice Task 3: Current policy on fostering and adoption Answers: Task 1: Recommendation and important features of the reports of Lord Laming and Professor Munro After the murder of a child Victoria Climbi as a result of child abuse led to the report of Lord Laming on the issue of protection of the child. There were one hundred and eight recommendations in order to re fix the protection of the child (Garrett, 2006). Among these recommendations the most essentials have been given below. Firstly, he suggested that children and families board needs to be conducted by the senior ministers in the government in order to coordinate the policies and plans which tend to have a bearing on the safety and security of the children and families. He further recommended that a national agency needs to be formed that would be guided by the commissioner in charge so as to make sure that the local services are meeting the national standards for the protection of the child and the implementation of the reforms (Cowan, 2003). Lord Laming suggested that committees for the children and families should be made by council and in such councils there should be members from different fields such as education, police, housing, social work and NHS. Additionally, local management boards need to be developed that would be chaired by chief executives of the council along with the members of the various fields such as social work, education, services for probation, health and housing etc. These boards would also appoint a local director from the children and family services that helps to monitor the effectual working on the purposes of child welfare and protection. Also he suggested that a childrens database be also created in order to keep a track of the contacts that every child has with the members of staff that ranges from health care to police and to the local authorities ('Laming report is to be welcomed', 2009). Critical examination of the report by Lord Laming would state that most of the recommendations made by Lord Laming was appropriate. The only hitch is the proper implementation of the reports and to the extent they could be carried out by the authorities. Professor Eileen Munro is the Professor of Social policy, London School of Economic and is also an eminent academician in the area of child safeguard and protection. She was given the responsibility to prepare the national review on children protection. In this review it has been evident that the focus of the system of child protection should be on the requirements of the particular children and the young generation and not on the processes and targets imposed by the centre (Whittaker, 2011). The vital message that was given in the report by Munro is that the level of prescription by the government should be reduced and this also includes the elimination of other legal timescales. Further the forma procedures for child protection should be removed and more focus should be laid in to the local discretions and the judgment of the professionals. Nevertheless, the Munro also suggests that a new responsibility be placed on the partner agency and the local authorities. This is mainly done in order to safeguard the provisions relating to the early help services for the young people, the families and the children and also to produce a strategy planning on the purposes (Munro, 2000). Some of the most vital parts of the reports are firstly, that the government should not target the local authorities and hence the local service should be free. They should also exercise freedom from the IT systems and regulations so that they are able to design services and plans (Parton, 2011). Secondly, the authorities should conduct the inspections in an unannounced manner and the inspection should be carried out for all services including education, health etc. Thirdly the government should start working with the health professionals for instance the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in order to make sure that the NHS reforms do not have any negative effect on the effectual protection of the partnership arrangements. And finally the local authorities should employ a senior manager who would be very active in conducting the frontline work and also give the reports of the observations of the professionals in the management. Task 2: Use of Lord Laming and Professor Munro reports on the social work practice After Lord Laming had published the report on the child protection, the government had taken steps for the implementation of the recommendations of the report. The government tried to improve the training for the social workers for children by making a transformation fund for social work. Since a number of the recommendations were directed towards the social task force the government also made initiatives for the same. Supervision guidelines would be established for the social workers and further strategies would be made so as to address the recruitment processes and difficulties relating to retentions (Laming, 2003). The recommendation regarding the establishing of National Safeguard Delivery Unit was accepted by the government and in this regard explicit priorities and safeguarding of targets were developed. Further the hike in fees would be reviewed by the commission and amendments were made in the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Bill so that new policies on the protection of the children are included. Also the amendments with regard to code of practice for the employers were to be done soon. On the other hand the recommendations made by Professor Munro regarding the protection and safeguard of children even though was considered as a huge success for the social workers, it has been observed that the implementation of the rules have not been in the manner it should have been. There has not been much change in the social work circuit and there has been no mention of the recommendations later (Ainsworth and Hansen, 2011). Even though Munro insisted that the social workers are free from the direct work it has been observed that social workers are doing more work. However there are a few places were the multi-agency safeguarding hub as recommended by Munro had been created and there has been work on the other vital suggestions by Munro. Further with regard to the training it must be noted that the recommendations regarding the Munro were not heard and the training facilities for the social workers still continue to be worse in most of the places. Hence it can be construed even though the recommendations by Lord Laming and Professor Munro was highly appreciated by all sectors when it came to the implementation of these polices the work on the part of the government has been extremely slow. In order to improve the scenario with regard to the protection of children and child abuse it is essential that these recommendations be implemented soon. Task 3: Current policy on fostering and adoption The United Kingdom laws on foster care and adoption were reviewed in the year 2000 and since then the Adoption and Children Act 2002 have been taking care of this issue. Adoption can be carried out with the help of adoption services and agencies that has been approved by the secretary of state (Lord, 2011). This indicates that private adoption has been prohibited by the government. Generally the court passes adoption orders in accordance to the laws under the Children Act 1989. Some of the other legislations that are essential in this regard are the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 and the Convention on the Rights of Child 1989 (O'Halloran, 2006). Also it must be noted that in most cases these adoption cases are lengthy and extremely complex which are conducted in closed courts. References Ainsworth, F. and Hansen, P. (2011). The Munro Review of Child Protection: Final Report A Child-Centred System: A Review and Commentary.Children Australia, 36(03), pp.164-168. Cowan, J. (2003). Risk management, records and the Laming Report.Clinical Governance: An Intl J, 8(3), pp.271-277. Garrett, P. (2006). Protecting Children in a Globalized World: 'Race' and 'Place' in the Laming Report on the Death of Victoria Climbie.Journal of Social Work, 6(3), pp.315-336. Laming report is to be welcomed. (2009).Early Years Educator, 11(1), pp.12-12. Laming, L. (2003). Victoria Climbi does the deliberate harm of children matter?.Criminal Justice Matters, 53(1), pp.46-47. Lord, J. (2011).Adopting a child. BAAF. Munro, E. (2000). Response to a required mind-set for child protection practice: comments on Munro (1999).Child Abuse Neglect, 24(4), p.447. O'Halloran, K. (2006).The politics of adoption. Dordrecht: Springer. Parton, N. (2011). The Munro Review of Child Protection: An Appraisal.Children Society, 26(2), pp.150-162. Whittaker, A. (2011). Social defences and organisational culture in a local authority child protection setting: challenges for the Munro Review?.Journal of Social Work Practice, 25(4), pp.481-495.

How to Write a Unique Essay

How to Write a Unique EssayWriting a unique essay is as important as writing an original one. Not everyone has the same topic for essays to write. Here are some unique topics for essay that could be used for your own essay.If you want to write a unique essay, you should know that this is not easy to do. However, if you keep these tips in mind, it will make it easier. Just be sure that the topics you chose are appropriate to your own essay.Students will usually make up topics on what they would like to learn or ask at the college. It may be personal, knowledge or a topic of studies. Topics of topics are usually taken from the college newspaper or other sources and assigned to students. They will then write an essay on this topic.There are some topics for essays that are not so appropriate to essay. These are topics that some students would find off-topic or that the whole class or people would not be interested in. If you want to write a unique essay, avoid topics like these.Essay tha t has to do with history and society are also great topics to write. These are topics that people really like to read and discuss. Topics like these also tend to include historical facts and other data that are interesting to study.Essay on a topic of interesting people would also be very good to write. Your subjects could be anyone from celebrities to politicians. The topics could include anything you would like to put in. If you want to write a unique essay, try different topics.You may also want to try writing an essay on a topic that others have not yet written about. There are many topics that have not been written about by any student before. Be sure to mention that you are writing on this topic in your topic. Students will appreciate having your unique perspective.You can find many great tips on how to write a unique essay. When you think about it, if you write a unique essay, then you will be able to be proud of your work. This is one thing that no one else could do.

Sector industry of Air France free essay sample

Air France-KLM Fundamental Company Report provides a complete overview of the company’s affairs. All available data is presented in a comprehensive and easily accessed format. The report includes financial and SWOT information, industry analysis, opinions, estimates, plus annual and quarterly forecasts made by stock market experts. The report also enables direct comparison to be made between Air France-KLM and its competitors. This provides our Clients with a clear understanding of Air France-KLM position in the Airlines Industry. The report contains detailed information about Air France-KLM that gives an unrivalled in-depth knowledge about internal business-environment of the company: data about the owners, senior executives, locations, subsidiaries, markets, products, and company history. Another part of the report is a SWOT-analysis carried out for Air France-KLM. It involves specifying the objective of the companys business and identifies the different factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. SWOT-analysis helps to understand company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and possible threats against it. We will write a custom essay sample on Sector industry of Air France or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Air France-KLM financial analysis covers the income statement and ratio trend-charts with balance sheets and cash flows presented on an annual and quarterly basis. The report outlines the main financial ratios pertaining to profitability, margin analysis, asset turnover, credit ratios, and company’s long-term solvency. This sort of companys information will assist and strengthen your company’s decision-making processes. In the part that describes Air France-KLM competitors and the industry in whole, the information about companys financial ratios is compared to those of its competitors and to the industry. The unique analysis of the market and company’s competitors along with detailed information about the internal and external factors affecting the relevant industry will help to manage your business environment. Your company’s business and sales activities will be boosted by gaining an insight into your competitors’ businesses. Also the report provides relevant news, an analysis of PR-activity, and stock price movements. The latter are correlated with pertinent news and press releases, and annual and quarterly forecasts are given by a variety of experts and market research firms. Such information creates your awareness about principal trends of Air France-KLM business. About Air France-KLM Air France-KLM S.A. operates as an airline company worldwide. The company’s main business is passenger transportation. Its activities also include cargo, aeronautics maintenance, and other air transport related activities, including principally catering and charter services. Segments Passenger: Passenger segment includes the company’s passenger transportation services on scheduled flights with its airline code, including flights operated by other airlines under code-sharing agreements. Cargo: Cargo segment includes freight transport on flights under the companies’ codes, including flights Air France-KLM Fundamental Company Report Including Financial, SWOT, Competitors and Industry Analysis 2 Phone: +44 20 8123 2220 http://marketpublishers.com operated by other partner airlines under code-sharing agreements. It also sells cargo capacity to third parties. Maintenance: Maintenance segment includes maintenance services provided to other airlines and customers worldwide. Other: Other segment includes catering supplied by the company to third-party airlines and to charter flights operated primarily by Transavia. Geographical Segments The company’s activities are broken down into five geographical regions: Europe and North Africa; Caribbean, French Guiana and Indian Ocean; Africa, the Middle East; and Americas, Polynesia-Asia, and New Caledonia. Acquisitions In February 2008, the company bought 100% of shares of the regional airline VLM Airlines. The business airline based in Antwerp manages a fleet of 19 aircraft, offering flights from Amsterdam, Antwerp, Brussels, Groningen (via Amsterdam), the Isle of Man, Jersey, Luxembourg, Manchester and Rotterdam to London City. Significant Events On June 29, 2009, Air France-KLM and Bangkok Airways Co. Ltd. announced that they had signed a code-sharing agreement under which the French carrier would be able to serve six new destinations in Asia on flights operated by its Thai partner. In August 2009, China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd. has expanded its codeshare agreement with Air France to extend the air links between China and Europe and provide customers with more flight options. On March 24, 2010, Aeroflot Russian Airlines signed a code-sharing agreement with Air France-KLM to share an additional ten routes in the scope of the SkyTeam Alliance. The airlines would share routes to the Russian cities of Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhnevartovsk, and to the European cities of Strasburg, Lyon, Marseille, and Lisbon. On May 14, 2010, Vietnam Airlines and Air France have signed a code sharing contract that would allow six more flights a week from Vietnam to Paris. On July 5, 2010, Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. joined the Air France-KLM Group and Delta Air Lines as a member of the airline trans-Atlantic joint venture. Through the four-way joint venture, passengers have access to the trans-Atlantic network, which offers approximately 250 flights and approximately 55,000 seats each day, including 20 daily trans-Atlantic flights to 5 U.S. destinations from Rome and Milan Malpensa airports. On September 21, 2010, Air France-KLM and China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd. signed a joint venture agreement for flights between Paris and Guangzhou in southeast China. In October 2010, Flybe Limited announced the launch of its new code-sharing agreement with Air France. In December 2010, Air France-KLM signed an agreement with Saudi Arabian Airlines Corporation, aimed at developing cooperation. The deal would concern the routes between Jeddah, Riyadh and Paris. The two airlines would be able to offer seven Paris-Jeddah return flights and six Paris-Riyadh return flights per week operated in code-sharing via Airbus A320/330 aircraft.

steinbeck essays

steinbeck essays Well in this short report on John Steinbeck I am about to include all of the work that I have done in this class Including my full report on one of his books, a little background on Mr. Steinbeck and many other things, All out of the mind and the computer of Jeremy Slaven. An American author and winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr., b. Salinas, Calif., Feb. 27, 1902, d. Dec. 20, 1968, based most of his novels on the American experience, often with sympathetic focus on the poor, the eccentric, or the dispossessed. Steinbeck grew up in Salinas Valley, a rich agricultural area of Monterey County and the setting of many of his works, where he learned firsthand of the difficulties of farm laborers. From 1919 to 1925 he studied intermittently at Stanford University but did not receive a degree. His early novels (Cup of Gold, 1929; The Pastures of Heaven, 1932; and To a God Unknown, 1933) aroused little public interest. The latter novel, however, a mystical story of self-sacrifice, is one of Steinbeck's strongest statements about the relationship between people and the land. Steinbeck turned to filmmaking after the film success of The Grapes of Wrath. He wrote impressive screenplays for the Mexican-based The Forgotten Village (1941) and Viva Zapata! (1952), as well as film scripts for his stories The Red Pony (1938) and The Pearl (1947). Another novel and play, The Moon Is Down (1942), about the German invasion of Norway, won critical praise. After World War II, in which he served as a war correspondent, Steinbeck wrote increasingly about social outcasts. Cannery Row (1945) relates the story of a group of vagabonds on the Monterey coast. The Wayward Bus (1947) presents a morality tale about characters who supposedly represent middle-class society. Burning Bright (1950) preached universal brotherhood but was largely unsuccessful. Steinbeck devoted several years to his most ambitious project, East of...

Are Prison Sentences The Best Way To Deal With Criminals Essay

Are Prison Sentences The Best Way To Deal With Criminals - Essay Example Adding even more prisoners is not in the best interest of this nation’s people because they must pay more in taxes to build more prisons, support a increasing inmate population and are in the end less safe as a consequence. The economy is also hurt as this tax money is basically thrown away unnecessarily instead of being spent within the community. For more than two decades, lawmakers have frequently updated sentencing guidelines by enacting mandatory minimum sentences. Of these modifications, the predetermined prison terms ordered by politicians have been the most prevalent by far. The movement toward more severe sentencing reforms has had adequate time to be thoroughly studied and specific conclusions obtained. The initial determination has been that the broadly held viewpoints on which these ‘tougher’ sentencing laws were legislated via the public through their representatives were for the most part wrong. The sentences for violent crimes were not as relaxed as commonly assumed prior to this period of substantial reforms nor were they softer than sentences imposed in other developed nations for similar offenses. Distorted facts used by political groups combined with the media that focused sensationalism such as showing uncharacteristic examples of light sentences given to violent offenders. During the past quarter century, the U.S. has seen an unmatched proliferation of federal and state and prison inmates.

1. Asian economic integration and production networks OR 2. Review the Essay

1. Asian economic integration and production networks OR 2. Review the following paper online - Essay Example is that back in the mind of millions or even billions of people who contribute the know-how, skills and labor towards the production of a single piece of pencil, most likely never have a pencil in mind as the final product of their contributions (Read, 2008). The only thing that binds all the numerous people together towards the production of a small piece of pencil, which they may never even use throughout their lifetime, is their personal needs. The people involved in cutting down the trees used to produce the wood pieces that are eventually turned into a pencil, do not even know what the tree will be used for, while the people who make the power saws and logging machines never take their time to think that the end product for their inventions is likely to be (Read, 2008). Similarly, the miners in the Mexico mines who produces graphite, the farmers in the Dutch East Indies who cultivates the rape-seed oil crops in their farms, the farmers who cultivate coffee in Brazil to be eventually brewed and served to the workers in the pencil manufacturing factory and offices, as well as the producers of pumice in Italy, do not know the end product of the labor. The fact of the matter is that all the small contributions that the billions of people make in their respective areas while in different countries, end-up as a piece of pencil in the shelves of book stores and shops. To this edge therefore, a single product that reaches the consumer is a factor of millions or billions of laborers, who do not actually know what they are contributing to, but only understands their desires and necessities (Read, 2008). Simply put therefore, the goods, services and innovations that have transformed the world are a product of people who neither know nor care about them. The desire to exchange the skills, know-hows and labor by different individuals for the goods and services they need is the ultimate source of a consumable product. The second main argument that has been advanced by